Author: Vining, Susan

Related Proposal for Doctoral Degree: Nadine Lebek

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Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology

University of Connecticut

Related Proposal for the Doctoral Degree

Nadine Lebek

B.S. University of New Haven, 2017

Characterizing Synphilin-1 in proteostasis and

α-synuclein clearance

Thursday, July 30th, 2020

1:00 PM

Webex Virtual Seminar

https://uconn-cmr.webex.com/uconn-cmr/j.php?MTID=m5c67dae1396d39f1b25599f52127db2d

Major Advisor: Dr. Kenneth Campellone

Associate Advisor: Dr. Barbara Mellone

Associate Advisor: Dr. Leighton Core

Examiner: Dr. Aoife Heaslip

Examiner: Dr. David Goldhamer

Dr. Nathan Alder’s Research Featured in UConn Today

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Researchers Explore Potential Treatment for Mitochondrial Diseases

UConn researchers are studying a group of compounds that could protect mitochondria in ways that might prevent devastating illnesses like muscular dystrophy and ALS.

Mitocondria grapphic
(Getty Images)

May 28, 2020 - Kim Krieger - UConn Communications

Huntington’s. Parkinson’s. Muscular dystrophy. Lou Gehrig’s. These diseases share a common cause that devastatingly robs sufferers of their energy, muscle control, and in the case of Huntington’s, their sanity. But now, a group of researchers from UConn describes how a possible therapy might work.

What all those fearsome diseases have in common is dysfunctional mitochondria. Mitochondria are the body’s tiny power plants. These minuscule, rod-shaped structures inside our cells take in oxygen and nutrients and put out ATP, the body’s fuel (ATP is to cells what gasoline is to cars.) When mitochondria don’t work so well, the dysfunction can cause strange and awful symptoms that are particularly distressing in parts of the body that require lots of energy: particularly muscles, the brain, and nerve tissue.

Mitochondrial diseases tend to worsen with age. Scientists have guessed that mitochondria age as the rest of our body does. Damage acquired over time may contribute to mitochondrial diseases, but they aren’t entirely sure what’s happening or how to stop it.

“They’re insidious diseases because they rob your cells of their energy. They’re so hard to diagnose and the symptoms can be so diverse,” says Nathan Alder, a molecular biophysicist in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UConn.

Alder and other researchers from UConn, the University of Texas, and Alexandria LaunchLabs are researching a group of compounds that seem to protect and even repair damage to mitochondria. The researchers describe the compounds, called SS peptides, and one potential way they may work to heal mitochondria in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

SS peptides are made of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, but each SS peptide is only four amino acids long. They all have the same basic plan: two amino acids with a positive charge alternating with two aromatic amino acids (“aromatic” is a chemistry term meaning they have a ring-like structure similar to benzene).

SS-31 graphic
A diagram showing SS-31, a peptide, or short chain of amino acids that easily penetrates the body’s cells. SS-31 gets hoovered up by mitochondria and snuggles up against the inner walls, where it shields the fatty molecule cardiolipin (green) from damage done by strong positively charged ions such as calcium. (Courtesy of the researcher)

Previous research by Hazel Szeto at Cornell University, who first described SS peptides and served as co-author on this study, showed that SS peptides can enter into any cell in the body, and mitochondria suck them up like sponges. Alder and his colleagues wanted to figure out what the peptides were doing when they got in there. Using approaches ranging from computer modeling to studying mitochondria in the lab, they began to see the peptides’ effects. It looks like they can alter and potentially repair mitochondria by tuning the electric properties of their membranes.

Mitochondrial membranes are intricately creviced double-layers of fatty molecules called lipids that surround proteins sticking out of the membrane itself. The outer layer of the membrane “talks” to the rest of the cell, sensing conditions and passing ATP and other molecules back and forth. The labyrinthine inner layer of the membrane holds the ATP factories. One of the special lipids enriched in the inner membrane, cardiolipin, has a strong affinity for SS peptides.

Mitochondria tend to accumulate positively charged things like calcium ions—mitochondria actually serve as storage centers for cellular calcium. Yet calcium overload can cause damage to mitochondria’s cardiolipin-containing membranes over time, ripping into the membrane and causing permanent damage.

SS peptides can prevent that from happening, Alder and his colleagues found. The peptides are positively charged but in a gentler way than calcium; they snuggle up against the mitochondrial membrane and shield it from the smaller, more damaging calcium ions.

“This is probably not the only effect of SS peptides. But it’s an interesting one,” Alder says. The researchers want to understand more about how the peptides interact with the mitochondria and why they appear to have such broad-based efficacy against so many mitochondrial disorders. The team is currently using UConn’s nuclear magnetic resonance facilities to get detailed pictures of SS peptide structural features and how the peptides might alter or maintain the shape of the mitochondrial membranes. “We know they work. We want to know how they work. By understanding the mechanism of action, we can engineer more effective peptide analogs and possibly tailor them to treat specific mitochondrial afflictions,” Alder says.

Article in UConn Today

 

Related Proposal for Doctoral Degree: Stephen Hesler

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Structural Biology, Biochemistry and Biophysics

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology

University of Connecticut Announces the

Related Proposal for the Doctoral Degree
Stephen Hesler, B.S. Lehigh University, 2011

Reevaluating the Activation Model of PKR

Thursday, October 31, 2019

12:30pm

PBB 129

Committee:

Major Advisor: Dr. James L. Cole

Associate Advisor: Dr. Carolyn Teschke

Associate Advisor: Dr. Victoria Robinson

Associate Advisor: Dr. Eric May

Associate Advisor: Dr. Debra Kendall

Prof. Eric May and Postdoc Shivangi Nangia will use supercomputer for biomolecular simulations

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Prof. Eric May and postdoc Shivangi Nangia will investigate virus infection mechanisms on world’s Fastest supercomputer for biomolecular simulations. Drs. May and Nangia have received an allocation on the Anton2 supercomputer donated to the Pittsburg Supercomputing Center by D.E. Shaw Research. The allocation was granted based upon a competitive application process which involved peer review by a panel convened by the National Research Council. The allocation will allow them to analyze viral protein-membrane interactions over  timescales which are not feasible on standard supercomputing environments. 

NESS 2016

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The North East Structural Symposium will be held on October 14 at the UCONN Health campus. The topic is “New Paradigms in Drug Discovery.”  For a list of speakers and registration information follow the NESS link at the bottom of the page.